Milk is considered not only a source of nutrient for the offspring but also a font of immunoregulatory compoundscapable to predispose the na?ve intestinal immune system of the new-born to react to the external environment. Inthe present study we evaluated the composition of milk microbiome from cows classified according to milk totaland differential somatic cell counts. A total of 34, 13 and 13 milk samples of healthy, at risk and subclinical orchronic cows, respectively, were collected during the same milking from a local dairy herd. Through NextGeneration Sequencing (NGS) of bacterial 16S rRNA gene, the differences of taxa in terms of relativeabundances (RA) and alpha and beta biodiversity were analysed. The RA of several genera were statisticallysignificant in the three groups, such as Arcanobacterium (p=0.001), Rhodococccus (p0.05) and Rubrobacter(p0.05), while at species level the presence of Propionibacterium granulosum, Pseudomonas alcaligenes andProsthecobacter debontii were found. Shannon and Evenness indices computed at the genus level were notsignificant, while beta biodiversity showed a clear clusterization between groups. The results highlighted that milkmicrobiome is associated to a different cellular response at udder level, although more specific studies areneeded to assess the source of bacteria species identified in milk microbial population of healthy animals.
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