Objective We investigated the clinical characteristics, treatments, and survival of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) who experienced recurrence. Factors predictive of recurrence were also investigated. Methods Patients with GTN who recurred after completing chemotherapy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital Trophoblastic Disease Center were identified between January 2004 and December 2017. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors predictive of GTN recurrence. Results A total of 1827 patients with GTN achieved complete remission (CR) at our center, of whom 118 (6.5%) experienced recurrence during follow‐up. The recurrence rates for patients initially treated at our center and those referred to us were 2.7% and 14.6%, respectively. The majority of recurrent patients received floxuridine‐based multiagent chemotherapy (n?=?64). Patients who underwent surgery achieved a significantly higher CR rate than those who did not (88.6% vs 61.1%, P?=?.001). Although 94.1% of recurrent patients reachieved CR, 33.3% of them recurred for a second time. The 5‐year survival rate of the entire cohort was 80.4%. An interval between antecedent pregnancy and chemotherapy 12?months (OR: 6.600, 95% CI [3.217‐13.540], P??.001), and an interval from first chemotherapy to achieving β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) normalization 14?weeks (OR: 2.226, 95% CI [1.080‐4.588], P?=?.030) were predictors of recurrence. Conclusions Patients with recurrent GTN are prone to recurring for a second time. Surgery plays a beneficial role in the management of recurrent GTN. An interval between antecedent pregnancy and chemotherapy 12?months, and an interval from first chemotherapy to achieving β‐hCG normalization 14?weeks were predictors of recurrence.
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