Introduction and Objective: Urolithiasis is a major health problem withits high morbidity,high cost management and a potential for end stagerenal disease.Urinary calculi are the third most common affliction of theurinary tract exceeded only by urinary tract infection (UTI) and pathologicalconditions of the prostate.It has been previously demonstrated arelationship between renal calculi formation and related serum ions likecalcium,phosphorous and magnesium.The main objective of the presentstudy is to assess the interelationship between the previous variables andthe levels of thyroid (T3,T4,TSH) and parathyroid (PTH) hormones.Methods: This study was carried out on 150 patients attended TikritTeaching Hospital from 2008 to 2009. Stone and serum ions were analyzedutilizing relavent Biolab Company kits (France). Thyroid hormoneswere determined using ELISA microwellskit (Accuubind,USA). Parathyroidhormone was estimated by active I-PTH ELISA(DSL,USA). Urine cultureswere done utilizing cystine-lactose-electrolyte deficient (CLED) medium.Various isolated pathogens were conventionally identified and assessedfor antibiotic resistance.Results: Urine cultures revealed that 42% of the patients had urinary tractinfections particularly with Enterobacteriaceae. The antibiotics resistanceamong pathogens tested was varied which high with ampicllin. 68% ofthe sones tested were calcium oxalate.Infective and noninfective stoneswere classified. Calcium ion was more elevated in patients examined.Hypothyroidism was prevalent but parathyroid hormone(PTH) was elevatedamong 14 patients studied.Conclusion: The frequency of UTI was higher among urolithiasis patientsand the common causative agents were Gram negative bacteria. Antibioticresistance was elevated and variables depending on the antibiotics andpathogens types. Renal stones of calcium origin was predominant.Hormonal abnormalities were seen. 15 patients with hyperthyroidismrevealed hypercalcaemia and hypercalcuria.
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