ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS AND CORRELATION BETWEEN OBSTETRICAL TRAUMA AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

摘要

Introduction Obstetric traumas are neonatal disorders of multiple causes, often unpredictable, with implications for the clinical development of the newborn. Incidence is estimated at 2-7 ‰ live births, decreasing due to improved health care. Mortality 2-3% of all neonatal deaths, 5-8 /100,000 through physical trauma, 25 / 100,000 through hypoxia. Objectives The authors propose a review of severe forms of brain injury resulting from birth traumas, correlated with ultrasound monitoring and clinical evolution. Results Depending on the degree of somatic and neurological maturity, respectively gestation age and birth weight, the conditions observed or caused by perinatal insult may be different. Also, the type of mechanical insult (physical or hypoxic) can cause different injuries depending on the intensity or degree of neurological immaturity. Both shortterm prognosis and long-term neurological prognosis depend on the early diagnosis of these lesions (subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, massive cerebral infarction, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage), the early establishment of the treatment and, if appropriate, the integration of the baby into the follow-up program and neurological dispensary. Conclusions Cerebral trauma due to obstetric causes is still an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. The most serious brain injuries secondary to severe perinatal insult are: subdural hemorrhage, massive cerebral infarction and severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage.