Antibacterial oral sprays from kaffir lime ( Citrus hystrix DC.) fruit peel oil and leaf oil and their activities against respiratory tract pathogens

摘要

Background and aimKaffir lime fruit peel oil and Kaffir lime leaf oil have been reported for their activities against respiratory tract pathogens. The purpose of the study was to develop clear oral sprays to be used as a first-defense oral spray.Experimental procedureClear antibacterial oral sprays were prepared and analyzed for their respective active major compounds, using GC-MS. The sprays were tested against a Gr. A streptococcal clinical isolate and 3 standard respiratory tract pathogens, using Broth microdilution method. A 4-month stability test was carried out as well.Results and conclusionSix clear oral sprays, three formulae composed of Kaffir lime fruit peel oil (6, 10, 13%v/v KLO) and the other three formulae containing Kaffir lime leaf oil (4, 8, 12%v/v KLLO), were developed. The active compounds in KLO were α-terpineol and terpinene-4-ol whereas that in KLLO was citronellal. All oral sprays exhibited antibacterial activity against one Group A streptococcal clinical isolate and three respiratory pathogenic pathogens,Staphylococcus aureusATCC 29213,Streptococcus pneumoniaeATCC 49619, andHaemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247, among which the strongest activity was againstH.?influenzae ATCC 49247. The antibacterial activity of all oral sprays remained unchanged in an accelerated stability test, at 4, 30, and 45?°C under 75% relative humidity, throughout the 4-month storage.