Phyto-qualitative Evaluation and Effects of Aqueous Extracted Erythrophleum suaveolens on sub-adult Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

摘要

Traditional meansof capturing fish dwells on active components in plant which elicitharmful effects. Erythrophleum suaveolens is a typical example of suchplant, which the study investigated for its stem-back (ASE) and leaf(ALE) aqueous extracts sub-lethal effects on Clarias gariepinus . Qualitativephytochemical screening of both extracts was carried out using 300 C.gariepinus sub-adults maintained in 10-fish sample per 1000 L circularfibre tanks during the research; the extracts were applied on everyother day at 0.23 mg/ L ASE and 0.26 mg/ L ALE, which elicited LCsub50/subeffects from the range finding tests, for 96 h compared with controlset-up. Haematological (during the experiment) and histopathological(at the terminal of the experiment) parameters of the fish wereanalysed. Results showed significant variations in the treated fishhaematological responses compared with the control. More impact wasobserved in ALE treated fish and linked to three active components(phenols, saponins and steroids) higher than in ASE, with no negativeobservations on the fish under the control treatments. Fish exposed toALE showed severely eroded mucosa of the gill secondary lamellae whileto ASE revealed signs of severe erosion of the entire gill mucosa.Liver of fish exposed to ALE showed a severe diffuse vacuolation ofhepatocytes with several hepatocytes necrotic while to ASE revealed asevere diffuse vacuolation and necrotic hepatocyte with mild tomoderate cellular infiltration. The study concluded that both extractshad sub-lethal toxicological effects on the exposed fish as they bothelicited polycythemia.