A Comparative Study on the Effect of &i&Massularia acuminata&/i& Fractions against Bacterial and Fungal Isolates from the Oral Cavity

摘要

The research aimed at carrying out a comparative study on the effect of Massularia acuminata fractions against bacterial and fungi isolates from the oral cavity. The Antimicrobial assay was carried on the following test organism; Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pnuemoniae ,Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes . From antifungal result, it was observed that the highest inhibition was observed in the ethanolic extract of Massularia acuminata on Rhyzopus stolonifer , Candida albican and Fusarium solani . The ethanolic and methanolic extracts were also observed from the results to have an intermediate sensitivity to Aspergillus favus , Candida tropicalis , Can dida albican , Rhyzopus stolonifer , Fusarium solani , while it was observed to be resistant to Fusarium solani , Rhyzopus stolonifer , Candida tropicalis , Aspergillus favus for all the partitions of the extracts. From the antifungal effect of the M . acuminata fractions, it could be inferred that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts were quite effective in the inhibition of the fungi infections and the methanolic extract proved very infective on Candida albican , Rhyzopus stolonifer and Fusarium solani . From the result of the antibacterial effect of M . acuminata fractions, the highest inhibition was observed by the methanolic extract of Massularia acuminata against all the Gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus . Also the aqueous extract also had a less sensitivity against all the test microbes, as all proved resistant. It could be inferred that the fractions of the extracts were unable to inhibit the growth of the strain of gram positive bacteria and probably, the potency could be increased, if the concentrations of the methanolic, ethanolic extracts of Massularia acuminata and the standard drug, tetracycline are increased. Results obtained showed that ethanol was a better and more powerful solvent than water. Whereas, the methanolic extract and the standard drug were quite effective in the inhibition of some gram negative bacteria, Klebsiella pnuemoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes . From the results obtained, it can be deduced that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Massularia acuminta possess antifungal and antibacterial potentials, compared with the aqueous extract and its potency as an inhibitor of bacterial and fungi organism found in the oral cavity.