Anatomical and pharmacognostic study of Iphiona grantioides (Boiss.) Anderb. and Pluchea arguta Boiss. subsp. glabra Qaiser

摘要

Anatomical and pharmacognostic study of two plants Iphiona grantioides and Pluchea arguta subsp. glabra of family asteraceae was carried out during 2014. Iphiona grantioides is a perennial herb, with soft aerial parts and woody base, covered with glandular trichomes. Pluchea arguta .subsp. glabra is an erect, branched, stout shrub having pungent smell, with terete and glabrous stem with obovate, dentate, sessile, glabrous leaves varying 1.5 to 3cm in length and 0.3 to 2.0 cm in width. In Iphiona grantioides, stomatal number and stomatal index value were 120 to 150 (130) and 12 to 15 (13) per mm 2 . Vein iselet and vein termination number were 8 to 10 (9) and 7 to 10 (8) per mm 2 respectively, while the palisade ratio ranged between 5 to 6 (6.75). In Pluchea arguta subsp. glabra stomatal number and stomatal index value were in the range of 110 to 160 (130) and 10 to 12 (11) per mm 2 and vein iselet and vein termination number were 10 to 12 (11) and 6 to 9 (8) per mm 2 respectively, with 6 to 7 (7.5) palisade ratio. Anatomical study of stems of both Iphiona grantioides and Pluchea arguta subsp. glabra, share almost same features. Higher total ash content was recorded for stem (7.06%) compared to leaf value (3.33%) for Iphiona . In Pluchea arguta subsp. glabra total ash values were in the range of 7.82% (leaf), 6.12% (stem) to 5.6% (root). Leaf powder of Iphiona grantioides and Pluchea arguta subsp. glabra showed presence of different tissues. Powder drug exhibited fluorescence when treated with different reagents under UV and ordinary day light. Results of extraction with solvents revealed that highest extractive values were observed for the leaf aqueous extract of Iphiona grantioides (46.2%), and leaf ethyl acetate extract of Pluchea arguta subsp. glabra (30%). The present study will be helpful in the identification of these two important medicinal plants.