Low Energy Buildings Design and Human Comfort Solutions

摘要

The use of renewable energy sources is a fundamental factor for a possible energy policy in the future. Takinginto account the sustainable character of the majority of renewable energy technologies, they are able to preserveresources and to provide security, diversity of energy supply and services, virtually without environmental impact.Sustainability has acquired great importance due to the negative impact of various developments on environment.The rapid growth during the last decade has been accompanied by active construction, which in some instancesneglected the impact on the environment and human activities. Policies to promote the rational use of electricenergy and to preserve natural non-renewable resources are of paramount importance. Low energy design of urbanenvironment and buildings in densely populated areas requires consideration of wide range of factors, includingurban setting, transport planning, energy system design and architectural and engineering details. The focus of theworld’s attention on environmental issues in recent years has stimulated response in many countries, which have ledto a closer examination of energy conservation strategies for conventional fossil fuels. One way of reducing buildingenergy consumption is to design buildings, which are more economical in their use of energy for heating, lighting,cooling, ventilation and hot water supply. Passive measures, particularly natural or hybrid ventilation rather thanair-conditioning, can dramatically reduce primary energy consumption. However, exploitation of renewable energyin buildings and agricultural greenhouses can, also, significantly contribute towards reducing dependency on fossilfuels. Therefore, promoting innovative renewable applications and reinforcing the renewable energy market willcontribute to preservation of the ecosystem by reducing emissions at local and global levels. This will also contributeto the amelioration of environmental conditions by replacing conventional fuels with renewable energies that produceno air pollution or greenhouse gases. This study describes various designs of low energy buildings. It also, outlinesthe effect of dense urban building nature on energy consumption, and its contribution to climate change. Measures,which would help to save energy in buildings, are also presented.