The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of the European map butterfly Araschnia levana (Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae)

摘要

The European map butterfly Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758) is a species showing extreme seasonal polyphenism. The complete 15,207?bp circular A. levana mitogenome consisting of 81.6% AT nucleotides, was assembled by Illumina genome skimming. It includes 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, and a control region in the typical butterfly gene order. Araschnia levana COX1 features an atypical CGA start codon and ATP6 , COX1 , COX2 , ND1 , ND3 , and ND4 have incomplete stop codons completed by 3′A residues added to the mRNA. Phylogenetic reconstruction places A. levana as a basal lineage within tribe Nymphalini, consistent with previous phylogenetic hypotheses.