Degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses by the brown rot fungus Piptoporus betulinus – production of extracellular enzymes and characterization of the major cellulases

摘要

Piptoporus betulinus is a common wood-rotting fungus parasitic for birch (Betula species). It is able to cause fast mass loss of birch wood or other lignocellulose substrates. When grown on wheat straw, P. betulinus caused 65?% loss of dry mass within 98?days, and it produced endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EG), endo-1,4-β-xylanase, endo-1,4-β-mannanase, 1,4-β-glucosidase (BG), 1,4-β-xylosidase, 1,4-β-mannosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities. The fungus was not able to efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose. The major glycosyl hydrolases, endoglucanase EG1 and β-glucosidase BG1, were purified. EG1 was a protein of 62?kDa with a pI of 2.6–2.8. It cleaved cellulose internally, produced cellobiose and glucose from cellulose and cellooligosaccharides, and also showed β-xylosidase and endoxylanase activities. The Km for carboxymethylcellulose was 3.5?g?l?1, with the highest activity at pH?3.5 and 70?°C. BG1 was a protein of 36?kDa with a pI around 2.6. It was able to produce glucose from cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides, but also produced galactose, mannose and xylose from the respective oligosaccharides and showed some cellobiohydrolase activity. The Km for p-nitrophenyl-1,4-β-glucoside was 1.8?mM, with the highest activity at pH?4 and 60?°C, and the enzyme was competitively inhibited by glucose (Ki=5.8?mM). The fungus produced mainly β-glucosidase and β-mannosidase activity in its fruit bodies, while higher activities of endoglucanase, endoxylanase and β-xylosidase were found in fungus-colonized wood.