Sistemas de aduba??o e consórcio de culturas intercalares e seus efeitos nas variáveis de colheita da cultura do milho

摘要

The harvest is the final field operation of the productive process and, for this reason, the factors that interfere in it must be observed and attentively evaluated to reduce the losses to the minimum at this phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fertilization systems (anticipated and in the sowing) and of the intercalating crops consortiums (Corn+Stizolobium deeringianum, Corn+Cajanus cajan and Corn+Dolichos lablab) at the variables of corn crop harvest under system of direct planting. The experiment was done at UNESP, Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, during the regular crop time, designed in randomized blocks with four repetitions in a 2x3 factorial scheme. The components evaluated at harvest were: stem diameter, first spike insertion height, plant height, the number of spikes in the plant, spike rate, number of rows in the spike, dry biomass on soil, final stand, grain productiveness, grain and straw flow and the losses during harvest. The results demonstrated that the stem diameter, the first spike insertion height and the plant height presented higher values for the fertilization system at sowing. The number of rows, viable spikes, spike rate, final stand, dry biomass on soil, productiveness, straw and cob flow, grain flow and losses during harvest were not affected by the treatments.