Economic Sanctions in the United Nations and Its Modern Applications (1990?2002)

摘要

This paper aims to explain the purpose of international sanctions in general and economic sanctions, in particular. This research highlights the fact of the negative outcome of the imposition of comprehensive economic sanctions on human rights in countries that have been subject to them, such as Iraq since Iraq has faced more economic sanctions than any other country in the world in the 1990s. As an alternative, this research emphasizes smart sanctions because this approach has been applied as being more effective and less detrimental to human rights. This paper discusses the various factors behind the transition from comprehensive economic sanctions to smart sanctions. Smart sanctions do not arbitrarily impact all citizens of the sanctioned country, but only those responsible, through “targeted” sanctions which target particular individuals and entities without any serious harm in civilian life. However, it may not mean that smart sanctions avoid a humanitarian crisis, it still faces many challenges, and other alternatives may emerge.