Integrating palaeoclimate time series with rich metadata for uncertainty modelling strategy and documentation of the PalMod 130k marine palaeoclimate data synthesis

摘要

Palaeoclimate data hold the unique promise of providing a long-termperspective on climate change and as such can serve as an importantbenchmark for climate models. However, palaeoclimate data have generallybeen archived with insufficient standardisation and metadata to allow fortransparent and consistent uncertainty assessment in an automated way.Thanks to improved computation capacity, transient palaeoclimate simulationsare now possible, calling for data products containing multi-parameter timeseries rather than information on a single parameter for a single timeslice. Efforts are underway to simulate a complete glacial–interglacialcycle using general circulation models (https://www.palmod.de/, last access: 6?May?2020), and to confront thesesimulations with palaeoclimate data, we have compiled a multi-parametermarine palaeoclimate data synthesis that contains time series spanning 0 to130 000?years ago. We present the first version of the data product thatfocuses exclusively on time series for which a robust chronology based onbenthic foraminifera δ ~(18)O and radiocarbon dating is available.The product contains 896 time series of eight palaeoclimate parameters from143 individual sites, each associated with rich metadata, age–depth modelensembles, and information to refine and update the chronologies. Thisversion contains 205 time series of benthic foraminifera δ ~(18)O;169 of benthic foraminifera δ ~(13)C; 131 of seawater temperature;174 and 119 of planktonic foraminifera δ ~(18)O and δ ~(13)C; and 44, 38 and 16 of carbonate, organic carbon and biogenic silicacontent, respectively. The data product is available in three formats (R,LiPD and netCDF) facilitating use across different software and operatingsystems and can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.908831 (Jonkers et al., 2019). Thisdata descriptor presents our data synthesis strategy and describes thecontents and format of the data product in detail. It ends with a set ofrecommendations for data archiving.