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A reconstruction of warm-water inflow to Upernavik Isstr?m since 1925 CE and its relation to glacier retreat

机译:自1925年CE以来,重建温水流入Upernavik Isstr'M及其与冰川撤退的关系

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The mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased over the past 2?decades. Marine-terminating glaciers contribute significantly to this mass loss due to increased melting and ice discharge. Periods of rapid retreat of these tidewater glaciers have been linked to the concurrent inflow of warm Atlantic-sourced waters. However, little is known about the variability of these Atlantic-derived waters within the fjords, due to a lack of multi-annual in situ measurements. Thus, to better understand the potential role of ocean warming on glacier retreat, reconstructions that characterize the variability of Atlantic water inflow to the fjords are required. Here, we investigate foraminiferal assemblages in a sediment core from Upernavik Fjord, West Greenland, in which the major ice stream Upernavik Isstr?m terminates. We conclude that the foraminiferal assemblage is predominantly controlled by changes in bottom water composition and provide a reconstruction of Atlantic water inflow to Upernavik Fjord, spanning the period 1925–2012. This reconstruction reveals peak Atlantic water influx during the 1930s and again after 2000, a pattern that is comparable to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The comparison of these results to historical observations of front positions of Upernavik Isstr?m reveals that inflow of warm Atlantic-derived waters likely contributed to high retreat rates in the 1930s and after 2000. However, moderate retreat rates of Upernavik Isstr?m also prevailed in the 1960s and 1970s, showing that glacier retreat continued despite a reduced Atlantic water inflow, albeit at a lower rate. Considering the link between bottom water variability and the AMO in Upernavik Fjord, and the fact that a persistent negative phase of the AMO is expected for the next decade, Atlantic water inflow into the fjord may decrease in the coming decade, potentially minimizing or stabilizing the retreat of Upernavik Isstr?m during this time interval.
机译:在过去的2年里,格陵兰冰盖的大规模损失增加了几十年。由于熔化和冰放电增加,海洋终止冰川对这种质量损失有显着贡献。这些潮水冰川的快速撤退的时期已与温暖大西洋源水域的并行流入有关。然而,由于缺乏多年度的原位测量,对峡湾内这些大西洋衍生水域的可变性知之甚少。因此,为了更好地了解海洋升温对冰川撤退的潜在作用,需要表征大西洋流入到峡湾的变异性的重建。在这里,我们调查来自西格陵兰普普紫外峡湾的沉积物核心的火山虫组合,其中普通的主要冰流instr-m终止。我们得出结论,火山岩组装主要受到底部水成分的变化控制,并为跨越1925-2012期的大西洋水流入的大西洋水流入。这种重建在20世纪30年代和2000年之后再次揭示了大量的大西洋水涌,这是一种与大西洋多型振荡(AMO)相当的模式。这些结果的比较对欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲欧洲橄榄球峰的历史观察,揭示了温暖大西洋衍生的水域的流入可能在20世纪30年代和2000年之后促进了高撤退率。然而,Upernavik Isstr的温和撤退率也在盛行在20世纪60年代和20世纪70年代,尽管大西洋水流入减少,但仍然持续较低的冰川撤退。考虑到紫外线峡湾的底部水域变异性和amo之间的联系,并在未来十年内预计amo的持续消极阶段,进入峡湾的大西洋流入可能会降低到来,可能会减少或稳定在此时间间隔期间,普梅纳维克ISSTR的撤退。

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