Consumo de leite, ingest?o dietética de cálcio e padr?es de nutrientes desde a adolescência até o início da idade adulta e o efeito sobre a massa óssea: a coorte de nascimento de 1993 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, BrasilConsumo de leche, ingestión dietética de calcio y patrones nutricionales desde la adolescencia hasta el inicio de la edad adulta y su efecto en la masa ósea: cohorte de nacimiento de 1993 en Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

摘要

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of milk consumption, dietary calcium intake and nutrient patterns (bone-friendly and unfriendly patterns) from late adolescence to early adulthood, on bone at 22 years of age. Cross-sectional analysis was performed with 3,109 participants from 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort in the follow-ups of 18 and 22 years of age. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, right femur and whole body were assessed at 22 years using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The exposure variables (dietary calcium, milk and nutrient patterns) were created by combining the consumption frequencies between the two follow-ups (always low, moderate, high, increase or decrease). Multiple linear regressions were performed, stratified by sex. In the right femur site, men classified into the “always high” (mean = 1.148g/cm2; 95%CI: 1.116; 1.181) and “increased” categories of milk consumption (mean = 1.154g/cm2; 95%CI: 1.135; 1.174) presented a slightly low BMD comparing with low (mean = 1.190g/cm2; 95%CI: 1.165; 1.215) and moderate (mean = 1.191g/cm2; 95%CI: 1.171; 1.210) categories. In addition, men always classified in the highest tertile of the “bone-unfriendly” pattern presented the lowest mean of whole body BMD (mean = 1.25g/cm2; 95%CI: 1.243; 1.266). No associations were observed between the categories of dietary calcium intake and “bone-friendly” pattern and each of the three BMD outcomes. These results point to the fact that diets composed of inhibiting foods/nutrients can contribute negatively to bone health.