A Study On Lipid Profile, Oxidation Stress And Carbonic Anhydrase Activity In Patients With Essential Hypertension

摘要

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is rising and they are predicted to be the biggest causes of death by 2020 in India. Various epidemiological studies have highlighted the increasing incidence of hypertension, which is assumed to be one of the major risk factors in CVD. Even though effective treatment measures have been extended against hypertension, it still remains inadequately managed. Increased levels of serum cholesterol, TG and VLDL have been observed in patients with hypertension. Considering the view points and the relationship between hypertension, lipid profile and carbonic anhydrase modulation in diuretic therapy and scanty literature reports in this region, the current study was focused to determine the association of lipid profile and carbonic anhydrase activity in essential hypertension patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the serum lipid profile, malondialdehyde levels and carbonic anhydrase activity in known cases of essential hypertensive patients and to compare the results with age-sex matched healthy controls in our community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-six participants (107 males; 49 females) were enrolled for the present study, with their ages ranging from 32 to 66 years. Seventy hypertensive patients (42 men and 28 women, 32- 64 yrs of age) and 86 normotensive healthy controls (65 men and 21 women, 32-66 yrs of age) were recruited for the study. Patients with essential hypertension were included in the study. Smokers, obese subjects and patients on anti-hypertensive drugs for >3 months were excluded from the study. Also, patients on lipid lowering drugs and antioxidant vitamin supplements were also excluded. Lipid profile, malondialdehyde levels and carbonic anhydrase activity were analyzed by standard methods in both the groups of subjects. The data from the patients and controls were compared by the Student?s t-test. The values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Microsoft Excel for Windows 2003 was used for statistical analysis. P-values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS: The lipid profile variables were significantly higher when compared to the healthy controls. The differences were highly significant in total cholesterol and triglycerides, but were not significant in HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL. The study also observed higher levels of malondialdehyde in hypertensive patients (p<0.005) as compared to the levels in the normotensive controls. The carbonic anhydrase activity in hypertensive patients was also observed to be highly significant (p<0.001) as compared to that in the healthy controls. CONCLUSION: The lipid profile is bound to be altered in essential hypertension cases, along with increased oxidative stress and is associated with an increased activity of carbonic anhydrase.