Polarity in plant asymmetric cell division: Division orientation and cell fate differentiation

摘要

Asymmetriccelldivision(ACD)isuniversallyrequiredforthedevelopmentofmulticellularorganisms.Unlikeanimalcells,plantcellshavearigidcellulosicextracellularmatrix,thecellwall,whichprovidesphysicalsupportandformscommunicationroutes.Thisfundamentaldifferenceleadstosomeuniquemechanismsinplantsforgeneratingasymmetriesduringcelldivision.However,plantsalsoutilizeintrinsicallypolarizedproteinstoregulateasymmetricsignalingandcelldivision,astrategysimilartothedifferentiationmechanismfoundinanimals.Currentprogresssuggeststhatcommonregulatorymodes,i.e.proteinspontaneousclusteringandcytoskeletonreorganization,underlieproteinpolarizationinbothanimalandplantcells.Despitethesecommonalities,itisimportanttonotethatintrinsicmechanismsinplantsareheavilyinfluencedbyextrinsiccues.Tocontrolphysicalasymmetryincelldivision,althoughourunderstandingisfragmentarythusfar,plantsmighthaveevolvednovelpolarizationstrategiestoorientatecelldivisionplane.Recentstudiesalsosuggestthatthephytohormoneauxin,oneofthemostpivotalsmallmoleculesinplantdevelopment,regulatesACDinplants./p/div