The underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system bit- error-rate (BER) performance in ocean is limited mainly by oceanic absorption and scattering. In this paper, we study the single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) based UWOC systems performance with non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation. To analyze the system performance, we first get the modulation of the SPAD-based UWOC system considering nonparalyzable deadtime limit. Moreover, we get the practical maximum likelihood detection threshold for the system. Our analytical treatment involves the impairing effects of the underwater optical channel. We also investigate the effect of the dead time on the BER performance of the system.
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