Studies of the effectiveness of hexadecylamine (HDA)-adsorbed vaccines have been extended to bacterial as well as viral antigens. Adsorption experiments show that diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorb to HDA with great efficiency whereas about 30 to 40% of the protein, which is not toxoid, does not adsorb. A significant purification of toxoid therefore is achieved by adsorption to lipid.Lipid-adsorbed toxoids produce an antibody response in guinea pigs equivalent to the response elicited with alum-precipitated antigen, indicating that HDA can act as an adjuvant in combination with bacterial as well as with viral antigens. Data are presented dealing with the influence of the interval between primary vaccination with adjuvant vaccine and secondary stimulation with fluid toxoid on antibody response.In contrast to the failure of HDA to act as an adjuvant in combination with influenza virus when injected into rabbits, HDA does act as an adjuvant with diphtheria toxoid in this species. The results introduce a new factor into the study of lipid adjuvants, namely, the effectiveness of the adjuvant in different species as a function of the antigen used.
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