WDR5 (WD40 repeat protein 5) is an essential component of the human trithorax-like family of SET1 [Su(var)3–9 enhancer-of-zeste trithorax 1] methyltransferase complexes that carry out trimethylation of histone 3 Lys4 (H3K4me3), play key roles in development and are abnormally expressed in many cancers. In the present study, we show that the interaction between WDR5 and peptides from the catalytic domain of MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia protein) (KMT2) can be antagonized with a small molecule. Structural and biophysical analysis show that this antagonist binds in the WDR5 peptide-binding pocket with a K d of 450?nM and inhibits the catalytic activity of the MLL core complex in?vitro . The degree of inhibition was enhanced at lower protein concentrations consistent with a role for WDR5 in directly stabilizing the MLL multiprotein complex. Our data demonstrate inhibition of an important protein–protein interaction and form the basis for further development of inhibitors of WDR5-dependent enzymes implicated in MLL-rearranged leukaemias or other cancers.Abbreviations: AFF, AF4/FMR2 family protein; ASH2L, absent small homoeotic discs-2-like; DSF, differential scanning fluorimetry; HDAC, histone deacetylase; HMT, histone methyltransferase; ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry; MLL, mixed-lineage leukaemia protein; Ni-NTA, Ni2+-nitrilotriacetate; PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); PTM, post-translational modification; RbBP5, retinoblastoma-binding protein 5; SET1, Su(var)3–9 enhancer-of-zeste trithorax 1; WDR5, WD40 repeat protein 5; WIN, WDR5-interacting
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