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An Empirical Study of Contamination in Deep, Rapid, and Wide-field Optical Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events

机译:引力波事件的深,快速和宽视场光学跟踪中污染的实证研究

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We present an empirical study of contamination in wide-field optical follow-up searches of gravitational wave sources from Advanced LIGO/Virgo using dedicated observations with the Dark Energy Camera. Our search covered ~56 deg2, with two visits per night, in the i and z bands, followed by an additional set of griz images three weeks later to serve as reference images for subtraction. We achieve 5σ point-source limiting magnitudes of i?≈?23.5 and z?≈?22.4 mag in the coadded single-epoch images. We conduct a search for transient objects that mimic the i???z color behavior of both red (i?z?>?0.5 mag) and blue (i?z?i??22.5 mag. Using our efficiencies, we derive sky rates for kilonova contaminants of deg?2 and deg?2. The total contamination rate is deg?2. We compare our results to previous optical follow-up efforts and comment on the outlook for gravitational wave follow-up searches as additional detectors (e.g., KAGRA, LIGO India) come online in the next decade.
机译:我们使用Dark Energy Camera的专用观测结果,对Advanced LIGO / Virgo引力波源的广域光学跟踪搜索中的污染进行了实证研究。我们的搜索范围为〜56 deg2,每晚在i和z波段进行两次访问,然后在三周后再添加一组griz图像作为减法参考图像。在共加的单周期图像中,我们达到了5σ点源极限大小,即i?≈?23.5和z?≈?22.4 mag。我们对瞬态对象进行搜索,这些瞬态对象模仿红色(i?z?>?0.5 mag)和蓝色(i?z?i ?? 22.5 mag)的i ??? z颜色行为。利用我们的效率,我们得出了天空千加仑污染物的度数为deg?2和deg?2。总污染度为deg?2。我们将我们的结果与先前的光学跟进工作进行了比较,并评论了引力波跟进搜索作为额外探测器的前景(例如,KAGRA,LIGO印度)在未来十年内上线。

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