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首页> 外文期刊>The Astrophysical journal >EXTENDED HEAT DEPOSITION IN HOT JUPITERS: APPLICATION TO OHMIC HEATING
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EXTENDED HEAT DEPOSITION IN HOT JUPITERS: APPLICATION TO OHMIC HEATING

机译:高温热熔胶中扩展的热沉积:在加热中的应用

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The observed radii of many giant exoplanets in close orbits exceed theoretical predictions. One suggested origin for this discrepancy is heat deposited deep inside the atmospheres of these "hot Jupiters". Here, we study extended power sources that distribute heat from the photosphere to the deep interior of the planet. Our analytical treatment is a generalization of a previous analysis of localized "point sources". We model the deposition profile as a power law in the optical depth and find that planetary cooling and contraction halt when the internal luminosity (i.e., cooling rate) of the planet drops below the heat deposited in the planet's convective region. A slowdown in the evolutionary cooling prior to equilibrium is possible only for sources that do not extend to the planet's center. We estimate the ohmic dissipation resulting from the interaction between the atmospheric winds and the planet's magnetic field, and apply our analytical model to ohmically heated planets. Our model can account for the observed radii of most inflated planets, which have equilibrium temperatures of ≈1500–2500 K and are inflated to a radius of . However, some extremely inflated planets remain unexplained by our model. We also argue that ohmically inflated planets have already reached their equilibrium phase, and no longer contract. Following Wu & Lithwick, who argued that ohmic heating could only suspend and not reverse contraction, we calculate the time it takes ohmic heating to re-inflate a cold planet to its equilibrium configuration. We find that while it is possible to re-inflate a cold planet, the re-inflation timescales are longer by a factor of than the cooling time.
机译:在近轨道上,许多巨型系外行星的观测半径超过了理论预测。这种差异的一个建议来源是热量在这些“热木星”的大气内部深处沉积。在这里,我们研究了扩展的电源,这些电源将热量从光球散布到行星的深层内部。我们的分析方法是对以前的局部“点源”分析的概括。我们将沉积轮廓建模为光学深度的幂律,并发现当行星的内部光度(即冷却速率)降至行星对流区域中沉积的热量以下时,行星的冷却和收缩就会停止。平衡之前演化冷却的减慢仅可能发生在不延伸到行星中心的源上。我们估算了由于大气风和行星磁场之间的相互作用而产生的欧姆耗散,并将我们的分析模型应用于欧姆加热的行星。我们的模型可以解释大多数已膨胀行星的观测半径,这些行星的平衡温度约为1500–2500 K,并且膨胀到的半径为。但是,我们的模型无法解释某些极度膨胀的行星。我们还认为,欧姆膨胀行星已经达到平衡阶段,不再收缩。继Wu&Lithwick(他认为欧姆加热只能暂停而不是逆向收缩)之后,我们计算了欧姆加热将冷行星重新膨胀到其平衡构型所花费的时间。我们发现,虽然可以对冷行星重新充气,但重新充气的时间尺度比冷却时间长一个因子。

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