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UNBOUND DEBRIS STREAMS AND REMNANTS RESULTING FROM THE TIDAL DISRUPTIONS OF STARS BY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES

机译:超大质量黑洞引起的星星潮汐畸变导致的无界碎片流和残留

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The kinetic energy of a star in orbit about a supermassive black hole is a significant fraction of its rest mass energy when its periapse is comparable to its tidal radius. Upon its destruction, a fraction of this energy is extracted and injected into the stellar debris, half of which becomes unbound from the black hole, with the fastest material moving at . In this paper, we present a formalism for determining the fate of these unbound debris streams (UDSs) as they depart from the black hole and interact with the surrounding gas. As the density and velocity varies along the length of a UDS, we find that hydrodynamical drag quickly shapes UDSs into loop-like structures, with the densest portions of the streams leading portions of lower density. As UDSs travel outwards, their drag against the ISM increases quadratically with distance, which causes UDSs to deposit their momentum and energy into the ambient medium before the surrounding shocked ISM has a chance to cool. This sudden injection of erg into the ambient medium generates a Sedov-like unbound debris remnant (UDR) that mimics supernova remnants (SNRs) in energetics and appearance, accelerates particles which will produce cosmic rays and synchrotron emission, and provides momentum feedback into the molecular clouds surrounding a black hole. We estimate that a few of these UDRs might be present within a couple degrees of the Galactic Center masquerading as SNRs, and that the UDR scenario is a plausible explanation for Sgr?A?east.
机译:当其近星点与其潮汐半径相当时,围绕超大质量黑洞的恒星的动能是其静止质量能的很大一部分。一经销毁,该能量的一小部分将被提取并注入星状碎片,其中一半从黑洞中解脱出来,最快的物质移动速度为。在本文中,我们提出了一种形式主义,用于确定这些未绑定的碎片流(UDS)离开黑洞并与周围的气体相互作用时的命运。随着密度和速度沿UDS的长度变化,我们发现流体动力阻力迅速将UDS塑造成环状结构,其中流的最密集部分导致密度较低的部分。当UDS向外移动时,它们对ISM的阻力会随着距离的增加而平方增加,这会导致UDS在周围受冲击的ISM有机会冷却之前将其动量和能量沉积到周围的介质中。向环境介质中突然注入erg会产生类似于Sedov的未结合碎片残留物(UDR),该碎片在能量和外观上模仿超新星残留物(SNRs),加速粒子产生宇宙射线和同步加速器发射,并向分子提供动量反馈乌云环绕着一个黑洞。我们估计其中一些UDR可能会在银河中心伪装成SNR的几度内出现,并且UDR场景是对Sgr?A?east的合理解释。

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