We examine the formation of clusters of galaxies in numerical simulations of a QUMOND cosmogony with massive sterile neutrinos. Clusters formed in these exploratory simulations develop higher velocities than those found in ΛCDM simulations. The bulk motions of clusters attain ~1000 km s–1 by low redshift, comparable to observations whereas ΛCDM simulated clusters tend to fall short. Similarly, high pairwise velocities are common in cluster-cluster collisions like the Bullet Cluster. There is also a propensity for the most massive clusters to be larger in QUMOND and to appear earlier than in ΛCDM, potentially providing an explanation for "pink elephants" like El Gordo. However, it is not obvious that the cluster mass function can be recovered.
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机译：我们用大量不育中微子对QUMOND世界的数值模拟研究了星系团的形成。在这些探索性模拟中形成的星团比在CDM模拟中发现的星团具有更高的速度。通过低红移，星团的整体运动达到〜1000 km s-1，与观测值相当，而ΛCDM模拟星团则趋向于不足。同样，成对的速度在子弹群集等群集-群集碰撞中很常见。在QUMOND中，最大质量的星团也倾向于比ΛCDM更大，并且出现得更早，有可能为像El Gordo这样的“粉红色大象”做出解释。但是，簇质量函数是否可以恢复还不是很明显。
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