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LOW EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITIES IMPINGING ON PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

机译:低极紫外光辐射影响原行星

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The amount of high-energy stellar radiation reaching the surface of protoplanetary disks is essential to determine their chemistry and physical evolution. Here, we use millimetric and centimetric radio data to constrain the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) luminosity impinging on 14 disks around young (~2-10 Myr) sun-like stars. For each object we identify the long-wavelength emission in excess to the dust thermal emission, attribute that to free-free disk emission, and thereby compute an upper limit to the EUV reaching the disk. We find upper limits lower than 1042?photons?s–1 for all sources without jets and lower than 5 × 1040?photons?s–1 for the three older sources in our sample. These latter values are low for EUV-driven photoevaporation alone to clear out protoplanetary material in the timescale inferred by observations. In addition, our EUV upper limits are too low to reproduce the [Ne II] 12.81 μm luminosities from three disks with slow [Ne II]-detected winds. This indicates that the [Ne II] line in these sources primarily traces a mostly neutral wind where Ne is ionized by 1 keV X-ray photons, implying higher photoevaporative mass loss rates than those predicted by EUV-driven models alone. In summary, our results suggest that high-energy stellar photons other than EUV may dominate the dispersal of protoplanetary disks around sun-like stars.
机译:到达原行星盘表面的高能恒星辐射的数量对于确定其化学和物理演化至关重要。在这里,我们使用毫米和厘米无线电数据来约束撞击在年轻(约2-10 Myr)太阳状恒星周围的14个磁盘上的极紫外(EUV)光度。对于每个对象,我们确定超过粉尘热发射的长波长发射,归因于自由自由的磁盘发射,从而计算出到达磁盘的EUV的上限。我们发现样本中所有不具有射流的光源的上限均低于1042?光子?s-1,而对于我们的样本中的三个较旧光源,其上限均低于5×1040?光子?s-1。对于单独的EUV驱动的光蒸发而言,后者的值较低,无法在观测得出的时间范围内清除原行星材料。此外,我们的EUV上限太低,无法从检测到缓慢[Ne II]的风的三个盘中再现[Ne II] 12.81μm的光度。这表明这些源中的[Ne II]线主要追踪了一个中性风,其中Ne被1 keV X射线光子电离,这意味着光蒸发质量损失率高于仅由EUV驱动模型预测的光蒸发质量损失率。总而言之,我们的研究结果表明,除EUV以外的高能恒星光子可能主导着像太阳一样的恒星周围原行星盘的散布。

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