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THE LAST GASP OF GAS GIANT PLANET FORMATION: A SPITZER STUDY OF THE 5 Myr OLD CLUSTER NGC 2362

机译:天然气巨行星形成的最后一幕:5 Myr集群NGC 2362的微调研究

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Expanding upon the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) survey from Dahm & Hillenbrand, we describe Spitzer IRAC and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer observations of the populous, 5 Myr old open cluster NGC 2362. We analyze the mid-IR colors of cluster members and compared their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to star+circumstellar disk models to constrain the disk morphologies and evolutionary states. Early/intermediate-type confirmed/candidate cluster members either have photospheric mid-IR emission or weak, optically thin IR excess emission at λ ≥ 24 μm consistent with debris disks. Few late-type, solar/subsolar-mass stars have primordial disks. The disk population around late-type stars is dominated by disks with inner holes (canonical "transition disks") and "homologously depleted" disks. Both types of disks represent an intermediate stage between primordial disks and debris disks. Thus, in agreement with previous results, we find that multiple paths for the primordial-to-debris disk transition exist. Because these "evolved primordial disks" greatly outnumber primordial disks, our results undermine standard arguments in favor of a 105?yr timescale for the transition based on data from Taurus-Auriga. Because the typical transition timescale is far longer than 105?yr, these data also appear to rule out standard ultraviolet photoevaporation scenarios as the primary mechanism to explain the transition. Combining our data with other Spitzer surveys, we investigate the evolution of debris disks around high/intermediate-mass stars and investigate timescales for giant planet formation. Consistent with Currie et?al., the luminosity of 24?μm emission in debris disks due to planet formation peaks at ≈10-20?Myr. If the gas and dust in disks evolve on similar timescales, the formation timescale for gas giant planets surrounding early-type, high/intermediate-mass (1.4 M ☉) stars is likely 1-5?Myr. Most solar/subsolar-mass stars detected by Spitzer have SEDs that indicate their disks may be actively leaving the primordial disk phase. Thus, gas giant planet formation may also occur by ~5?Myr around solar/subsolar-mass stars as well.
机译:在Dahm&Hillenbrand的红外阵列摄像机(IRAC)调查的基础上,我们描述了Spitzer IRAC和多波段成像光度计,用于Spitzer观测人口众多的5 Myr老开放星团NGC2362。我们分析了星团成员的中红外色并进行了比较它们的光谱能量分布(SED)到恒星+星际盘模型,以约束盘形态和演化状态。早/中型已确认/候选簇成员要么具有光球中红外发射,要么具有λ≥24μm的微弱,光学上稀薄的红外过量发射,与碎片盘一致。很少有晚型的太阳/太阳质量的恒星具有原始盘。晚型恒星周围的盘状体主要是带有内孔的盘状体(规范的“过渡盘”)和“同源耗尽”的盘状体。两种类型的磁盘都代表原始磁盘和碎片磁盘之间的中间阶段。因此,与先前的结果一致,我们发现存在从原始磁盘到碎片磁盘过渡的多个路径。因为这些“演化的原始磁盘”大大超过了原始磁盘,所以我们的结果破坏了基于Taurus-Auriga数据的105 y过渡时间尺度的标准论点。由于典型的过渡时间尺度远大于105年,因此这些数据似乎也排除了标准紫外线光蒸发场景作为解释过渡的主要机制。将我们的数据与其他Spitzer调查相结合,我们研究了高/中质量恒星周围的碎片盘的演化,并研究了形成巨型行星的时间尺度。与Currie等人一致,由于行星形成的峰值在≈10-20?Myr,碎片盘中24?μm辐射的发光度。如果磁盘中的气体和尘埃以相似的时间尺度演化,则围绕早型,高/中质量(1.4 M☉)恒星的气态巨行星的形成时间尺度可能为1-5?Myr。 Spitzer检测到的大多数太阳/亚太阳质量恒星都有SED,这表明它们的盘可能正在主动离开原始盘相。因此,气体巨行星的形成也可能在太阳/太阳系次质量恒星周围约5?Myr发生。

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