ANOMALOUS X-RAY PULSARS AND SOFT GAMMA-RAY REPEATERS IN THE OUTER GAP MODEL: CONFRONTING FERMI OBSERVATIONS

摘要

Anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are magnetar candidates, i.e., neutron stars powered by a strong magnetic field. If they are indeed magnetars, they will emit high-energy gamma rays that are detectable by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), according to the outer gap model. However, no significant detection is reported in recent Fermi-LAT observations of all known AXPs and SGRs. Considering the discrepancy between theory and observations, we calculate the theoretical spectra for all AXPs and SGRs with sufficient observational parameters. Our results show that most AXPs and SGRs are high-energy gamma-ray emitters if they are really magnetars. The four AXPs 1E 1547.0–5408, XTE J1810–197, 1E 1048.1–5937, and 4U 0142+61 should have been detected by Fermi-LAT. There is therefore a conflict between the outer gap model in the case of magnetars and Fermi observations. Possible explanations in the magnetar model are discussed. On the other hand, if AXPs and SGRs are fallback disk systems, i.e., accretion-powered for the persistent emissions, most of them are not high-energy gamma-ray emitters. Future deep Fermi-LAT observations of AXPs and SGRs will help us make clear whether they are magnetars or fallback disk systems.