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The History and Morphology of Helium Reionization

机译:氦离子化的历史和形态

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A variety of observations now indicate that intergalactic helium was fully ionized by z ~ 3. The most recent measurements of the high-redshift quasar luminosity function imply that these sources had produced at least ~2.5 ionizing photons per helium atom by that time, consistent with a picture in which the known quasar population drives He II reionization. Here we describe the distribution of ionized and neutral helium gas during this era. Because the sources were rare and bright (with the photon budget dominated by quasars with luminosities L L), random fluctuations in the quasar population determined the morphology of ionized gas when the global ionized fraction i was small, with the typical radius Rc of a He III bubble ~15-20 comoving Mpc. Only when i 0.5 did the large-scale clustering of the quasars drive the characteristic size of ionized regions above this value. Still later, when i 0.75, most ionizing photons were consumed by dense, recombining systems before they reached the edge of their source's ionized surroundings, halting the bubble growth when Rc ~ 35-40 Mpc. These phases are qualitatively similar to those in hydrogen reionization, but the rarity of the sources makes the early stochastic phase much more important. Moreover, the well-known characteristics of the z = 3 intergalactic medium allow a much more robust description of the late phase in which recombinations dominate.
机译:现在,各种观察结果表明星际氦已被z〜3完全电离。最新对高红移类星体光度函数的测量表明,到那时,这些来源已为每个氦原子产生了至少〜2.5个电离光子,与一张图片,其中已知的类星体人群推动了He II离子化。在这里,我们描述了这个时代电离和中性氦气的分布。由于源极稀有且明亮(光子预算由具有光度LL的类星体控制),当整体电离分数i小且典型半径Rc为He III时,类星体的随机波动确定了电离气体的形态。气泡〜15-20移动Mpc。只有当i 0.5时,类星体的大规模聚类才将电离区域的特征尺寸驱使到该值以上。再后来,当0.75时,大多数电离光子在到达其源电离环境的边缘之前被致密的重组系统消耗,当Rc〜35-40 Mpc时,气泡停止生长。这些阶段在质量上与氢离子化中的阶段相似,但是源的稀有性使得早期随机阶段变得更加重要。此外,z = 3星系间媒体的众所周知的特征允许对重组占主导的后期进行更为可靠的描述。

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