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A Spitzer Study of the Mass-Loss Histories of Three Bipolar Preplanetary Nebulae

机译:三个双极前行星云星团质量损失历史的斯皮策研究

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We present the results of far-infrared imaging of extended regions around three bipolar preplanetary nebulae, AFGL 2688, OH 231.8+4.2, and IRAS 16342-3814, at 70 and 160 μm with the MIPS instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. After a careful subtraction of the point-spread function of the central star from these images, we place constraints on the existence of extended shells and thus on the mass outflow rates as a function of radial distance from these stars. We find no apparent extended emission in AFGL 2688 and OH 231.8+4.2 beyond 100'' from the central source. In the case of AFGL 2688, this result is inconsistent with a previous report of two extended dust shells made on the basis of ISO observations. We derive upper limits of 2.1 × 10-7 and 1.0 × 10-7 M⊙ yr-1 for the dust mass-loss rates of AFGL 2688 and OH 231.8, respectively, at 200'' from each source. In contrast to these two sources, IRAS 16342-3814 does show extended emission at both wavelengths, which can be interpreted as a very large dust shell with a radius of ~400'' and a thickness of ~100'', corresponding to 4 and 1 pc, respectively, at a distance of 2 kpc. However, this enhanced emission may also be Galactic cirrus; better azimuthal coverage is necessary for confirmation of a shell. If the extended emission is a shell, it can be modeled, with some assumptions about its dust properties, as enhanced mass outflow at a dust mass outflow rate of 1.5 × 10-6 M⊙ yr-1 superimposed on a steady outflow with a dust mass outflow rate of 1.5 × 10-7 M⊙ yr-1. Because of the size of the possible shell, it is likely that this shell has swept up a substantial mass of interstellar gas during its expansion, so these estimates are upper limits to the stellar mass-loss rate. We find a constant color temperature of 32 K throughout the circumstellar envelope of IRAS 16342-3814, which is consistent with heating by the interstellar radiation field.
机译:我们用Spitzer太空望远镜上的MIPS仪器显示了70个和160μm的三个双极前行星状星云AFGL 2688,OH 231.8 + 4.2和IRAS 16342-3814周围扩展区域的远红外成像结果。从这些图像中仔细减去中心恒星的点扩展函数后,我们对延伸壳的存在以及由此与离这些恒星的径向距离的函数有关的质量流出率施加了约束。我们发现AFGL 2688和OH 231.8 + 4.2中没有明显的中心发射超过100英寸的发射。对于AFGL 2688,此结果与先前根据ISO观察结果得出的两个加长防尘壳的报告不一致。我们分别从200''处得出AFGL 2688和OH 231.8的粉尘质量损失率的上限分别为2.1×10-7和1.0×10-7M⊙yr-1。与这两种来源相比,IRAS 16342-3814确实在两种波长下都显示出扩展的发射,这可以解释为半径为〜400英寸,厚度为〜100英寸的非常大的防尘罩,分别对应于4和1个PC,相距​​2 kpc。但是,这种增强的排放也可能是银河卷云;确认炮弹必须有更好的方位角覆盖。如果扩展的排放物是壳,则可以对其粉尘特性进行一些建模,将其以1.5×10-6M⊙yr-1的粉尘质量流出率增加的质量流出量叠加在含粉尘的稳定流出物上。质量流出率为1.5×10-7M⊙yr-1。由于可能的壳的大小,该壳可能在膨胀过程中吸收了大量星际气体,因此这些估算值是恒星质量损失率的上限。我们在IRAS 16342-3814的整个星际包络中发现32 K的恒定色温,这与星际辐射场的加热一致。

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