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The Stream-Stream Collision after the Tidal Disruption of a Star around a Massive Black Hole

机译:大质量黑洞周围恒星的潮汐破裂后的水流碰撞

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摘要

A star can be tidally disrupted around a massive black hole. It is known that the debris forms a precessing stream, which may collide with itself. The stream collision is a key process in determining the subsequent evolution of the stellar debris: if the orbital energy is efficiently dissipated, the debris will eventually form a circular disk (or torus). In this paper, we have numerically studied such a stream collision resulting from the encounter between a 106 M☉ black hole and a 1 M☉ normal star with a pericenter radius of 100 R☉. A simple treatment for radiative cooling has been adopted for both optically thick and optically thin regions. We have found that approximately 10% to 15% of the initial kinetic energy of the streams is converted into thermal energy during the collision. The spread in angular momentum of the incoming stream is increased by a factor of 2 to 3, and such an increase, together with the decrease in kinetic energy, significantly helps the circularization process. The initial luminosity burst produced by the collision may reach as high as 1041 ergs s-1 in 104 s, after which the luminosity increases again (but slowly this time) to a steady value of a few 1040 ergs s-1 in a few times 105 s. The radiation from the system is expected to be close to Planckian, with an effective temperature of ~105 K.
机译:恒星可能会在巨大的黑洞周围被潮汐破坏。众所周知,碎片会形成进动流,它们可能会相互碰撞。流的碰撞是确定恒星碎片随后演变的关键过程:如果有效地消散了轨道能量,碎片将最终形成圆盘(或圆环)。在本文中,我们通过数值研究了这样的流碰撞,该流碰撞是由一个106M☉的黑洞与一个100M☉的中心半径的1M☉正星相遇而引起的。对于光学上较厚的区域和光学上较薄的区域都采用了一种简单的辐射冷却方法。我们发现,在碰撞过程中,大约10%至15%的物流初始动能转化为热能。进入流的角动量的扩展增加了2到3倍,并且这种增加以及动能的减少极大地帮助了环化过程。碰撞产生的初始光度突发可能在104 s内达到1041 ergs s-1,此后,光度在几次内再次增加(但这次是缓慢的)至几个1040 ergs s-1的稳定值105秒该系统的辐射预计接近普朗克,有效温度约为105K。

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