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首页> 外文期刊>The Astrophysical journal >Streamlines of the Mean Stellar Motions in Elliptical Galaxies
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Streamlines of the Mean Stellar Motions in Elliptical Galaxies

机译:椭圆星系中平均恒星运动的流线

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The stellar velocity fields of elliptical galaxies hold clues to their dynamical structure and origin. The construction of velocity-field models is greatly simplified by assuming an approximate geometrical form for the streamlines of the mean stellar motions, for example, representing the streamlines of short-axis and long-axis tube orbits by coordinate lines in a confocal coordinate system. A single confocal system precisely fits the mean motions of all tube orbits in a St?ckel potential, but these potentials are not sufficiently general. Here we test the conjecture that confocal streamlines may still be a valid approximation for more realistic triaxial systems. We numerically integrate orbits in Schwarzschild's logarithmic potential. Six sets of axis ratios are used; in each set, ~50 orbits, comprising short-axis and long-axis tubes as well as some resonant families, are integrated for ~20,000 dynamical times, and the average velocity is found in each of ~4000 spatial cells. Confocal streamlines are compared with the velocity field by finding the rms magnitude of the cross product between the velocity vectors and the streamlines. Minimizing this quantity yields a best-fit confocal system for each orbit. We find that the great majority of orbits at a given energy in each potential can be fitted by nearly identical confocal systems. There are statistically significant differences between the average streamline parameters obtained for different orbit families, but the differences are small. We show that the fitted parameters reproduce, to high accuracy, the location of the boundary between short-axis and outer long-axis tubes, which is a direct measure of the triaxiality of the potential. These results strongly support efforts to obtain accurate statistical measurements of triaxiality from kinematic observations and reasonably simple velocity-field models.
机译:椭圆星系的恒星速度场为它们的动力学结构和起源提供了线索。通过为平均恒星运动的流线采取近似几何形式(例如,通过共焦坐标系中的坐标线表示短轴和长轴管轨道的流线),可以大大简化速度场模型的构造。单个共聚焦系统精确地拟合了St?ckel势中所有管轨道的平均运动,但是这些势还不够通用。在这里,我们测试了共焦流线可能仍然是更逼真的三轴系统的有效近似的猜想。我们在数字上将轨道整合到Schwarzschild的对数势中。使用六组轴比;在每组中,由短轴和长轴管以及一些共振族组成的大约50个轨道被整合了大约20,000次动力学时间,并且在大约4000个空间像元中发现了平均速度。通过找到速度矢量和流线之间叉积的均方根值,将共焦流线与速度场进行比较。最小化此数量将为每个轨道产生最合适的共焦系统。我们发现,每个势能中给定能量的绝大多数轨道都可以由几乎相同的共焦系统拟合。从不同轨道族获得的平均流线参数之间存在统计学上的显着差异,但差异很小。我们表明,拟合的参数可以高精度地重现短轴管与外长轴管之间的边界位置,这是势的三轴性的直接度量。这些结果有力地支持了从运动学观测和相当简单的速度场模型获得三轴性的准确统计测量值的努力。

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