Meconium aspiration causes intensive inflammatory reactions in the lungs, and may lead to neonatal respiratory disorder. Infiltrated inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages, play an important role in such an inflammation. A rat alveolar macrophage cell line (ATCC8383) was exposed to meconium alone or in combination with dexamethasone, budesonide, or interferon-γ. Nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in the supernatant of the cell culture was detected by Griess reaction, and mRNA of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression was detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Nuclear factor-kappa B was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and iNOS location and nuclear factor-kappa B transactivation were determined by immunostaining. Our results showed that meconium was capable of inducing production of NO and expression of iNOS in alveolar macrophages in a dose- (1–25 mg/mL, p p p ?4?10?10 M) or dexamethasone (10?4?10?6 M) effectively inhibited the meconium-induced NO production (p In vitro steroids down-regulated the iNOS expression, thus suggesting a potential to down-regulate NO-mediated inflammation in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome.Abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase-PCR; NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; CHX, cycloheximide; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; MAS, meconium aspiration syndrome; NO2?, nitrite; G3PDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
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