A double-blind controlled study, in two parts, was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of aminophylline and doxapram therapy in idiopathic apnea of prematurity. In the first part of this study, eight of 15 infants responded to doxapram therapy with complete cessation of apneic spells and six of 11 infants responded similarly to administration of aminophylline. These differences were statistically insignificant. In the second part of the study, assessment was made of whether the addition of doxapram to aminophylline therapy was effective in treatment of apnea of prematurity that had been unresponsive to aminophylline alone. Of ten infants who continued to have apneic spells during treatment with aminophylline, eight responded to the addition of doxapram with complete cessation of apnea. Nine infants received placebo in addition to aminophylline, and none had a reduction in frequency of apnea.
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