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>Development of a Novel, Low-Cost, Disposable Wooden Pencil Graphite Electrode for Use in the Determination of Antioxidants and Other Biological Compounds
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Development of a Novel, Low-Cost, Disposable Wooden Pencil Graphite Electrode for Use in the Determination of Antioxidants and Other Biological Compounds
The development of portable sensors that can be used outside the lab is an active area of research in the electroanalytical field. A major focus of such research is the development of low-cost electrodes for use in these sensors. Current electrodes, such as glassy-carbon electrodes (GCEs), are costly and require time-consuming preparation. Alternatives have been proposed, including mechanical pencil-lead electrodes (MPEs). However, MPEs themselves possess numerous drawbacks, particularly structural fragility. In this paper, we present a novel pencil-graphite electrode (PGE) fabricated from a regular HB#2 pencil. This PGE is a simple, disposable, extremely low-cost alternative to GCEs ($0.30 per PGE, vs. $190 + per GCE), and possesses the structural stability that MPEs lack. PGEs were characterized by square-wave voltammetry of ferricyanide, gallic acid, uric acid, dopamine, and several foodstuffs. In all cases, PGEs demonstrated sensitivities comparable or superior to those of the GCE and MPE (LOD = 5.62 × 10−4 M PGE, 4.80 × 10−4 M GCE, 2.93 × 10−4 M MPE). Signal areas and peak heights were typically four to ten times larger for the PGE relative to the GCE.
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机译：可以在实验室外使用的便携式传感器的开发是电分析领域研究的活跃领域。此类研究的主要重点是开发用于这些传感器的低成本电极。当前的电极，例如玻璃碳电极（GCE），价格昂贵并且需要耗时的准备。已经提出了替代方案，包括机械铅笔芯电极（MPE）。但是，MPE本身具有许多缺点，特别是结构上的脆弱性。在本文中，我们介绍了一种由常规HB＃2铅笔制成的新型铅笔石墨电极（PGE）。这种PGE是GCE的一种简单，一次性，极低成本的替代产品（每个PGE为0.30美元，而每个GCE为190美元以上），并且具有MPE所缺乏的结构稳定性。通过对铁氰化物，没食子酸，尿酸，多巴胺和几种食品进行方波伏安法对PGE进行了表征。在所有情况下，PGE的敏感性均与GCE和MPE相当或更高（LOD = 5.62×10 −4 M PGE，4.80×10 −4 M GCE， 2.93×10 −4 M MPE）。 PGE的信号面积和峰高通常比GCE大四到十倍。
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