The importance of flavodoxin for environmental stress tolerance in photosynthetic microorganisms and transgenic plants. Mechanism, evolution and biotechnological potential

摘要

Ferredoxinsareelectronshuttlesharboringiron–sulfurclusterswhichparticipateinoxido‐reductivepathwaysinorganismsdisplayingverydifferentlifestyles.Ferredoxinlevelsdeclineinplantsandcyanobacteriaexposedtoenvironmentalstressandironstarvation.Flavodoxinisanisofunctionalflavoproteinpresentincyanobacteriaandalgae(notplants)whichisinducedandreplacesferredoxinunderstress.Expressionofachloroplast‐targetedflavodoxininplantsconferstolerancetomultiplestressesandirondeficit.Wediscusshereinthebasesforfunctionalequivalencebetweenthetwoproteins,thereasonsforferredoxinconservationdespiteitssusceptibilitytoaerobicstressandforthelossofflavodoxinasanadaptivetraitinhighereukaryotes.Wealsoproposeamechanismtoexplainthetoleranceconferredbyflavodoxinwhenexpressedinplants...