Electro-responsive smart electrorheological (ER) fluids consist of electrically polarizingorganic or inorganic particles and insulating oils in general. In this study, we focus on variousconducting polymers of polyaniline and its derivatives and copolymers, along with polypyrroleand poly(ionic liquid), which are adopted as smart and functional materials in ER fluids. Their ERcharacteristics, including viscoelastic behaviors of shear stress, yield stress, and dynamic moduli,and dielectric properties are expounded and appraised using polarizability measurement, flow curvetesting, inductance-capacitance-resistance meter testing, and several rheological equations of state.Furthermore, their potential industrial applications are also covered.
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