The Determination of the Most Effective Current Type for Electrical Damage of Plants

摘要

Objectives: The electric treatment of plants is used to stimulate their growth, development and productivity increase to achieve a lethal damage - to accelerate ripening, eliminate weeds, the weeding of crops between rows. Methods: The plant material is treated to expedite its drying, increase juice production, etc. The impact could be performed using the electric and magnetic fields, various types and stages of electrical discharges, different electrical currents: DC, pulsed, alternating sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal one, etc. The greatest interest from the energy and technological points of view is presented by the need for the most effective current determination influencing on these plants. Finding: After the study on the electronic processing of sunflower, tobacco, and various weed species occurring and after the study of the processes carried out at that the effectiveness of different types of currents used during processing compared. The theoretical comparison of energy equal alternating currents at the frequency of 50 and 400 Hz and the pulse current at its exposure on the plant tissues of tobacco and sunflower to achieve lethal (irreversible) damage allowed to state that the electrical processing of plant species with discharge voltage pulses is more effective than the impact by energy equal sinusoidal voltage. It estimated quantitatively that the released energy in the plant tissue at its processing by energetically equal pulsed current and the current with the frequency of 50 Hz is accompanied by the release of energy in the tissues 5.6 times higher in the case of pulse exposure and 5.7 times higher at the pulse current and 400 Hz current comparison. Conclusion: This type of plant tissue processing is not only technologically efficient due to a severe, profound damage to an intracellular structure, but will be accompanied by lower energy costs.