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Discovery and Description of Giant Submarine Smectite Cones on the Seafloor in Eyjafjordur, Northern Iceland, and a Novel Thermal Microbial Habitat

机译:在冰岛北部埃亚菲厄泽的海底发现和描述巨型海底蒙脱石锥,以及一种新型的热微生物栖息地

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With the submersible JAGO and by scuba diving we discovered three remarkable geothermal cones, rising 33, 25, and 45 m from the seafloor at a depth of 65 m in Eyjafjordur, northern Iceland. The greatest geothermal activity was on the highest cone, which discharged up to 50 liters of freshwater per s at 72°C and pH 10.0. The cones were built up from precipitated smectite, formed by mixing of the hot SiO2-rich geothermal fluid with the cold Mg-rich seawater. By connecting a rubber hose to one outflow, about 240 liters of pure geothermal fluids was concentrated through a 0.2-μm-pore-size filter. Among 50 thermophilic isolates, we found members of Bacillus and Thermonema and a new unidentified low-G+C gram-positive member of theBacteria as well as one member of theArchaea, Desulfurococcus mobilis. Analysis of small-subunit rRNA genes PCR amplified and cloned directly from environmental DNA showed that 41 out of 45Bacteria sequences belonged to members of theAquificales, whereas all of the 10Archaea sequences belonged to theKorarchaeota. The physiological characteristics of isolates from different parts of the cones indicate a completely freshwater habitat, supporting the possibility of subterranean transmittance of terrestrial organisms.
机译:通过潜水JAGO并通过水肺潜水,我们在冰岛北部Eyjafjordur发现了三个非同寻常的地热锥,分别从海底上升了33、25和45 m,深度为65 m。最大的地热活动发生在最高的锥上,锥在72°C和pH 10.0时每秒排放高达50升的淡水。锥体由沉淀的蒙脱石构成,该蒙脱石是通过将富含SiO2的热地热流体与富含镁的冷海水混合而形成的。通过将橡胶软管连接到一个出口,通过0.2微米孔径的过滤器浓缩了约240升纯地热流体。在50个嗜热菌株中,我们发现了芽孢杆菌和嗜热菌的成员,以及细菌的一个新的身份不明的低G + C革兰氏阳性成员以及运动菌Desulfurococcus mobilis的一个成员。直接从环境DNA扩增并克隆的小亚基rRNA基因的PCR分析表明,45个细菌序列中有41个属于Aquificales成员,而10个古细菌序列全部属于Korarchaeota。来自视锥细胞不同部位的分离物的生理特征表明其完全是淡水栖息地,这支持了陆地生物地下传播的可能性。

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