Invariant spatial information in sketch maps — a study of survey sketch maps of urban areas

摘要

Itiscommonlyrecognizedthatfree-handsketchmapsareinfluencedbycognitiveimpactsandthereforesketchmapsareincomplete,distorted,andschematized.Thismakesitdifficulttoachieveaone-to-onealignmentbetweenasketchmapanditscorrespondinggeo-referencedmetricmap.Nevertheless,sketchmapsarestillusefultocommunicatespatialknowledge,indicatingthatsketchmapscontaincertainspatialinformationthatisrobusttocognitiveimpacts.Inexistingstudies,sketchmapsareusedfrequentlytomeasurecognitivemaps.However,littleworkhasbeendoneoninvariantspatialinformationinsketchmaps,whichistheinformationofspatialconfigurationsrepresentingcorrectlytherealworld.Weaimtostudysuchinformationfromacognitiveperspective.Thispaperfirstpresentsbasicspatialobjectsidentifiedinsketchmapsandthenintroducessketchaspectsthatcaptureinvariantspatialinformation.Theaccuracyandreliabilityoftheseaspectswereevaluatedbyahumanstudy.Wecollectedsketchmapsfromparticipants,extractedandmeasuredspatialrelationsofidentifiedspatialobjects,andintheendanalyzedtheaccuracyandstatisticalsignificanceoftheserelations.Basedonthestatisticalsurvey,weproposeinthispaperasetofsevensketchaspectsthatconstituteinvariantspatialinformation,alongwithaspatialanalysismethodtomeasurethem.Thefindingsoftheseaspectshelptounderstandwhichspatialinformationispreservedunderthetransformationfromthephysicalworldtohumansketchmaps.