Gas-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Parking Lot Impacted by Light-Duty Vehicles Burning Gasoline and Ethanol Blends

摘要

In order to study the emission of vapor-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by light-duty vehicles burning gasoline and ethanol blends, air samplings were performed at a parking lot in Londrina, PR, Brazil. The samples were obtained during the summer and winter 2012. The semi-volatile PAHs were collected using a cartridge packed with XAD-2 resin, extracted under sonication and subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatograph equipped with fluorescence and photodiode array detectors. Acenapthene (ACE) appears as the most abundant PAH, followed by acenapthylene (ACY) (summer) and fluorene (FLU) (winter). From the total PAHs analyzed (83.5 ng m a??3 in winter and 574 ng m a??3 in summer), low molecular weight PAHs (LM-PAHs) corresponded to 93%. The PAH source fingerprint identified in this study was obtained from local and identified sources, and the fluoranthene (FLT) / (FLT + pyrene (PYR)) and anthracene (ANT) / (ANT + phenanthrene (PHE)) ratios corresponding to 0.94 and 0.46, respectively, were characteristic of gasoline and ethanol blend emission.