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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of genetics >Genetics of flowering time in bread wheat Triticum aestivum: complementary interaction between vernalization-insensitive and photoperiod-insensitive mutations imparts very early flowering habit to spring wheat
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Genetics of flowering time in bread wheat Triticum aestivum: complementary interaction between vernalization-insensitive and photoperiod-insensitive mutations imparts very early flowering habit to spring wheat

机译:面包小麦小麦开花时间的遗传:春化不敏感和光周期不敏感突变之间的互补相互作用赋予春小麦非常早的开花习性

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摘要

Time to flowering in the winter growth habit bread wheat is dependent on vernalization (exposure to cold conditions) and exposure to long days (photoperiod). Dominant Vrn-1 (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1) alleles are associated with vernalization-independent spring growth habit. The semidominant Ppd-D1a mutation confers photoperiod-insensitivity or rapid flowering in wheat under short day and long day conditions. The objective of this study was to reveal the nature of interaction between Vrn-1 and Ppd-D1a mutations (active alleles of the respective genes vrn-1 and Ppd-D1b). Twelve Indian spring wheat cultivars and the spring wheat landrace Chinese Spring were characterized for their flowering times by seeding them every month for five years under natural field conditions in New Delhi. Near isogenic Vrn-1 Ppd-D1 and Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a lines constructed in two genetic backgrounds were also phenotyped for flowering time by seeding in two different seasons. The wheat lines of Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a, Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Ppd-D1a and Vrn-A1a Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a (or Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a) genotypes flowered several weeks earlier than that of Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b, Vrn-A1b Ppd-D1b and Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b (or Vrn-1 Ppd-D1b) genotypes. The flowering time phenotypes of the isogenic vernalization-insensitive lines confirmed that Ppd-D1a hastened flowering by several weeks. It was concluded that complementary interaction between Vrn-1 and Ppd-D1a active alleles imparted super/very-early flowering habit to spring wheats. The early and late flowering wheat varieties showed differences in flowering time between short day and long day conditions. The flowering time in Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a genotypes was hastened by higher temperatures under long day conditions. The ambient air temperature and photoperiod parameters for flowering in spring wheat were estimated at 25?°C and 12 h, respectively.
机译:面包小麦在冬季生长的开花时间取决于春化(暴露于寒冷条件下)和长时间暴露(光周期)。优势的Vrn-1(Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1)等位基因与春化无关的春季生长习性相关。半显性Ppd-D1a突变赋予小麦在短日和长日条件下光周期不敏感或快速开花。这项研究的目的是揭示Vrn-1和Ppd-D1a突变(各个基因vrn-1和Ppd-D1b的活性等位基因)之间相互作用的本质。通过在新德里的自然田间条件下每月播种5年,对12个印度春小麦品种和春小麦地方品种中国春的开花时间进行了表征。在两个遗传背景下构建的近等基因Vrn-1 Ppd-D1和Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a品系也通过在两个不同季节播种来对开花时间进行表型分析。几周前开花的Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a,Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Ppd-D1a和Vrn-A1a Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1a(或Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a)基因型的小麦品系比Vrn-A1a Vrn-B1 Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b,Vrn-A1b Ppd-D1b和Vrn-D1 Ppd-D1b(或Vrn-1 Ppd-D1b)基因型要高。等基因春化不敏感系的开花时间表型证实,Ppd-D1a使开花加快了几周。结论是,Vrn-1和Ppd-D1a活性等位基因之间的互补相互作用赋予了春小麦超级/非常早的开花习性。早花小麦和晚花小麦品种在短日和长日条件下显示出开花时间的差异。在漫长的一天条件下,较高的温度加快了Vrn-1 Ppd-D1a基因型的开花时间。估计春小麦开花的环境空气温度和光周期参数分别为25°C和12 h。

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