Greenhouses Gases Emission Mitigation from Rice Soil through Water Management

摘要

Paddy is mainly produced and consumed in Asian countries. More than 50% of population of Asian countriesconsumed rice as staple foods. Standing water is consider as most favorable environment for its higher production.Unfortunately, this standing water create anaerobic conditions which production the methane (CH4). CH4 is second most potentgreenhouse gases and its global worming potential is 25 as compared to carbon di-oxide. Modern rice cultivar requirement hugeamount of nitrogen for economically production. Urea is most commonly applied N fertilizer in paddy cultivation among theAsian countries. Unmanaged application of urea or other N based fertilizers contaminated atmosphere and hydrospherecomponent of environment. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrate are mainly contaminated in atmosphere and hydrosphererespectively by unmanaged application of N fertilizers. Emission of both (CH4 and N2O) the gases from paddy soilsenhancedgreenhouse effect and thus results in global warming. The amount of N2Oemitted as a result of rice cultivation is less ascompared to CH4; but the fact that global warming potential of nitrous oxide (298) is 11.92 times higher as compared tomethane (25), makes it potent greenhouses gas. Two basic processes lying behind N2Ogeneration from rice cultivationincludede-nitrification (which occurs in anaerobic soil) and nitrification (that takes place in aerobic soil environment). Watermanagement and optimum application of fertilizers may play significant role in reducing greenhouses gas emission from paddy.