The paper briefly considers the theory of the dynamic variant of optical speckle interferometry and its application to study in real time macroscopic and microscopic processes in deformable media. In the theoretical part, it is shown that it is convenient to study the macroscopic translational displacement, rotation and deformation of bodies by the movement of the whole picture of speckles and the shift of interference fringes of the two speckle fields, while the microscopic phenomena are conveniently studied by the change of the structure of speckle images. The paper presents some applications of original techniques developed by the author to determine rotations and strains of bodies under elastic and plastic deformations, to detect ultrasonic waves and to study the characteristics of crack initiation in high-cycle fatigue. Practical application of the developed techniques for testing macro- and microprocesses in living cells is shown.
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