When an extreme weather event strikes a distribution system, it is helpful to use microgrids to restore the interrupted critical loads. Due to the relatively small capacity and low inertia of distributed generators (DGs), the switching operations during the restoration process may cause severe fluctuations in voltage, current, and frequency, leading to prime-mover stalling or triggering protection relays. It is essential to investigate the dynamic characteristics of DGs during the restoration procedure. The dynamic models of different types of DGs are developed to analyse the dynamic characteristics. Analytical constraints on the dynamic performance of DGs are obtained from the simulation results, which can be incorporated into the optimisation models of critical load restoration problems. The modified IEEE 32-bus test feeder is simulated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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