Endoscopic findings of checkpoint inhibitor–induced ileitis with use of the latest advanced endoscopic optical diagnosis: near-focus narrow-band imaging

摘要

Cancer immunotherapy with the use of checkpoint inhibitors, ipilimumab (anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen)or nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab (anti-programmed death-1) may induce colitis, an increasinglyrecognized immune-mediated adverse event (IrAE). Thespectrum of endoscopic findings at colonoscopy has notbeen defined comprehensively; Crohn’s-like and ulcerativecolitis–like changes have been described.