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首页> 外文期刊>Toxins >Toxicity of Cyanopeptides from Two Microcystis Strains on Larval Development of Astyanax altiparanae
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Toxicity of Cyanopeptides from Two Microcystis Strains on Larval Development of Astyanax altiparanae

机译:来自两个微囊藻菌株的氰基肽对拟南芥幼虫发育的毒性

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Absorption and accumulation of bioavailable cyanobacterial metabolites (including cyanotoxins) are likely in fish after senescence and the rupturing of cells during bloom episodes. We determined the toxicity of cyanopeptides identified from two strains of Microcystis ( M. panniformis MIRS-04 and M. aeruginosa NPDC-01) in a freshwater tropical fish, Astyanax altiparanae (yellowtail tetra, lambari). Aqueous extracts of both Microcystis strains were prepared in order to simulate realistic fish exposure to these substances in a freshwater environment. Both strains were selected because previous assays evidenced the presence of microcystins (MCs) in MIRS-04 and lack of cyanotoxins in NPDC-01. Identification of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites was performed by LC-HR-QTOF-MS and quantification of the MC-LR was carried out by LC-QqQ-MS/MS. MIRS-04 produces the MCs MC-LR, MC-LY and MC-HilR as well as micropeptins B, 973, 959 and k139. NPCD-01 biosynthetizes microginins FR1, FR2/FR4 and SD-755, but does not produce MCs. Larval fish survival and changes in morphology were assessed for 96 h exposure to aqueous extracts of both strains at environmentally relevant concentrations from 0.1 to 0.5 mg (dry weight)/mL, corresponding to 0.15 to 0.74 μg/mL of MC-LR (considering dried amounts of MIRS-04 for comparison). Fish mortality increased with concentration and time of exposure for both strains of Microcystis . The frequencies of morphological abnormalities increased with concentration in both strains, and included abdominal and pericardial oedema, and spinal curvature. Results demonstrate that toxicity was not solely caused by MCs, other classes of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites contributed to the observed toxicity.
机译:衰老后的鱼中可能吸收和积累生物可利用的蓝细菌代谢物(包括氰毒素),而在盛花期细胞会破裂。我们确定了从两个微囊藻菌株(M. panniformis MIRS-04和铜绿菌M.铜绿NPDC-01)中鉴定出的氰肽在淡水热带鱼Astyanax altiparanae(黄尾四叶鱼,lambari)中的毒性。制备了两种微囊藻菌株的水提物,以模拟鱼类在淡水环境中对这些物质的真实暴露。选择这两种菌株是因为先前的试验证明MIRS-04中存在微囊藻毒素(MCs),而NPDC-01中缺乏蓝藻毒素。通过LC-HR-QTOF-MS进行蓝细菌次级代谢产物的鉴定,通过LC-QqQ-MS / MS进行MC-LR的定量。 MIRS-04生产MCs MC-LR,MC-LY和MC-HilR以及微肽B,973、959和k139。 NPCD-01可生物合成微球蛋白FR1,FR2 / FR4和SD-755,但不会产生MC。在环境相关浓度为0.1至0.5 mg(干重)/ mL,相当于0.15至0.74μg/ mL的MC-LR(考虑干燥)下,评估两种菌株的水提取物暴露96小时后的幼体鱼存活和形态变化MIRS-04的数量进行比较)。两种微囊藻菌株的鱼类死亡率随浓度和暴露时间的增加而增加。两种菌株中,形态异常的频率均随浓度的增加而增加,包括腹部和心包水肿以及脊柱弯曲。结果表明,毒性并非仅由MC引起,其他种类的蓝细菌次生代谢产物也可引起所观察到的毒性。

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