In the present review, the main objective was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. From 1989 to 2008, the annual incidence of ciguatera varied between 3.3 and 64.9 (median 10.2) per million people. The groupers have replaced the snappers as the most important cause of ciguatera. Pacific-ciguatoxins (CTX) are most commonly present in reef fish samples implicated in ciguatera outbreaks. In affected subjects, the gastrointestinal symptoms often subside within days, whereas the neurological symptoms can persist for weeks or even months. Bradycardia and hypotension, which can be life-threatening, are common. Treatment of ciguatera is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Intravenous mannitol (1 g/kg) has also been suggested. To prevent ciguatera outbreaks, the public should be educated to avoid eating large coral reef fishes, especially the CTX-rich parts. A Code of Practice on Import and Sale of Live Marine Fish for Human Consumption for Prevention and Control of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning was introduced from 2004 to 2013. The Food Safety Ordinance with a tracing mechanism came into full effect in February 2012. The Government would be able to trace the sources of the fishes more effectively and take prompt action when dealing with ciguatera incidents.
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机译:在本篇综述中,主要目的是描述香港雪茄鱼中毒的流行病学和临床特征。从1989年到2008年,每十万人中雪茄的年发病率在3.3至64.9(中位数为10.2)之间。石斑鱼已经取代了鲷鱼,成为引起卡加泰拉的最重要原因。太平洋雪茄毒素(CTX)最常见于与雪茄暴发有关的珊瑚鱼样本中。在受影响的受试者中,胃肠道症状通常在几天之内消失,而神经系统症状可以持续数周甚至数月。心动过缓和低血压很常见,可能危及生命。对雪茄的治疗主要是支持疗法和对症疗法。还建议使用静脉甘露醇(1 g / kg)。为了防止卡加泰拉河爆发,应教育公众,避免食用大型珊瑚礁鱼,尤其是富含CTX的鱼类。 2004年至2013年,实施了《为防止和控制Ciguatera鱼中毒而食用和消费人类活鱼的业务守则》。具有追查机制的《食品安全条例》于2012年2月全面生效。能够更有效地追踪鱼类来源,并在处理卡加泰拉鱼事件时迅速采取行动。
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