Over the last decade the environmental impact of photovoltaic (PV) panels has extensively been explored, often using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. However, the manufacturing data in reference databases are typically outdated and the end-of-life treatment is mostly omitted from the scope of these studies. The objective of the current study is to inform decision-makers about potential environmental impact reductions, mostly through dematerialization of the manufacturing phase and secondary material recovery at end-of-life. The results show how taking into account eco-design aspects in the manufacturing stage and a well-designed end-of-life treatment system can further contribute to lowering the environmental impact of PV panels and thus renewable energy production.
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