Pattern of clinical and hematological profile in patients diagnosed as megaloblastic anemia in a tertiary care centre

摘要

To determine the pattern of clinical presentation, pattern of cytopenias, andhaematological parameters of megaloblastic anemia in our setup. Study Design: CrossSectional Descriptive study. Setting: Pathology Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital,Peshawar. Period: January 2016 to December 2016 (one year period). Materials andMethods: A total of 337 patients underwent bone marrow biopsy during the study period,out of which 46 patients were diagnosed as having megaloblastic anemia on bone marrowaspirate and B12 levels. The clinical features and hematological parameters of these patientswere recorded in a proforma and the results were drawn accordingly. All cell counts were doneon automated counter machine. Results: Out of 337 patients referred to pathology departmentfor bone marrow aspiration, about 45 cases had megaloblastic anemia. These 45 cases wereincluded in the study. Age of the study sample ranged from 1 year to 90 years (mean 32.2years ± 12.1 SD). There were 35 (78%) males and 10 (22%) females, with male to femaleratio of 3.5:1. Commonest clinical feature was generalized weakness and loose motion,while commonest physical sign was pallor, which were seen in 36 (80%), 36 (80%) and 40(88%) cases respectively. About 28 (62%) patients had pancytopenia, 9 (20%) patients hadbicytopenia (low hemoglobin and platelet count), and 8 (18%) cases had isolated anemia. LowHb was present in all the 45 (100%) patients. Both the mean hemoglobin level and plateletcount were reduced (7.4g/dL and 128x109/L. respectively) while mean white cell count in studysample was normal (mean 5.0x109/L). Conclusion: Megaloblastic anemia may presents asanemia, bicytopenia or pancytopenia. The cytopenias are important feature of megaloblasticanemia. Generalized weakness, and lethargy are the common clinical presentation, whilepallor is common physical finding. Patients presenting with a constellation of generalizedweakness, pallor and pancytopenia should be suspected of megaloblastic anemia and shouldbe investigated accordingly.